Les Peines Légales (Hudud)

Muwatta Malik 1527

Maqtu Sahih (Salim al-Hilali)Muwatta Malik 1527 — Book 41, Hadith 8

وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنْ زُرَيْقِ بْنِ حَكِيمٍ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَنَّهُ، أَخَذَ عَبْدًا آبِقًا قَدْ سَرَقَ قَالَ فَأَشْكَلَ عَلَىَّ أَمْرُهُ - قَالَ - فَكَتَبْتُ فِيهِ إِلَى عُمَرَ بْنِ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ أَسْأَلُهُ عَنْ ذَلِكَ وَهُوَ الْوَالِي يَوْمَئِذٍ - قَالَ - فَأَخْبَرْتُهُ أَنَّنِي كُنْتُ أَسْمَعُ أَنَّ الْعَبْدَ الآبِقَ إِذَا سَرَقَ وَهُوَ آبِقٌ لَمْ تُقْطَعْ يَدُهُ - قَالَ - فَكَتَبَ إِلَىَّ عُمَرُ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ نَقِيضَ كِتَابِي يَقُولُ كَتَبْتَ إِلَىَّ أَنَّكَ كُنْتَ تَسْمَعُ أَنَّ الْعَبْدَ الآبِقَ إِذَا سَرَقَ لَمْ تُقْطَعْ يَدُهُ وَأَنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى يَقُولُ فِي كِتَابِهِ ‏{‏وَالسَّارِقُ وَالسَّارِقَةُ فَاقْطَعُوا أَيْدِيَهُمَا جَزَاءً بِمَا كَسَبَا نَكَالاً مِنَ اللَّهِ وَاللَّهُ عَزِيزٌ حَكِيمٌ‏}‏ ‏.‏ فَإِنْ بَلَغَتْ سَرِقَتُهُ رُبُعَ دِينَارٍ فَصَاعِدًا فَاقْطَعْ يَدَهُ ‏.‏ وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ الْقَاسِمَ بْنَ مُحَمَّدٍ، وَسَالِمَ بْنَ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ، وَعُرْوَةَ بْنَ الزُّبَيْرِ، كَانُوا يَقُولُونَ إِذَا سَرَقَ الْعَبْدُ الآبِقُ مَا يَجِبُ فِيهِ الْقَطْعُ قُطِعَ ‏.‏ قَالَ مَالِكٌ وَذَلِكَ الأَمْرُ الَّذِي لاَ اخْتِلاَفَ فِيهِ عِنْدَنَا أَنَّ الْعَبْدَ الآبِقَ إِذَا سَرَقَ مَا يَجِبُ فِيهِ الْقَطْعُ قُطِعَ ‏.‏

Traduction

Malek a rapporté que Zouraiq Ibn Hakim lui a raconté qu'il a retenu un esclave marron, en volant. Il poursuit: «étant embarrassé à son sujet, j'écris à Omar Ibn Abdul Aziz, pour avoir son avis, fut-il ce temps là gouverneur, lui apprenant que j'ai entendu dire qu'on n'a pas à couper la main d'un esclave marron, s'il vole. Omar Ibn Abdul Aziz, me répondit par écrit, où il cite son avis tout opposé, en disant: «Tu m'as fait apprendre par écrit, que tu as entendu dire, de ne pas devoir couper la main d'un esclave marron s'il vole. Cependant Allah Béni et Très Haut a dit dans Son Livre (le sens): «Tranchez la main du voleur et de la voleuse: ce sera une rétribution pour ce qu'ils ont commis et un châtiment d'Allah. Allah est puissant et juste» (Coran Sourate V,verset 38). Ainsi, si ce qui est volé par l'esclave marron est d'un prix d'un quart de dinar et de plus, à lui couper la main». (......) 30 - On rapporta à Malek que al-Kassem Ibn Mouhammad, Salem Ibn Abdallah et Ourwa Ibn Al-Zoubair disaient: «Si un esclave marron vole ce qui mérite d'avoir la main coupée, coupez-la lui». - Et Malek d'ajouter: «tel est ce qui est incontestable suivi chez nous (à Médine), à savoir que, si ce que vole un esclave marron, est d'un prix exigeant que sa main soit coupée, on la lui coupe». Chapitre IX Pas d'intercession au sujet d'un voleur si l'affaire est déjà auprés du Sultan

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