L'Affranchissement et la Clientèle (Wala')
Muwatta Malik 1486
وَحَدَّثَنِي مَالِكٌ، عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي بَكْرِ بْنِ حَزْمٍ، أَنَّهُ أَخْبَرَهُ أَبُوهُ، أَنَّهُ كَانَ جَالِسًا عِنْدَ أَبَانَ بْنِ عُثْمَانَ فَاخْتَصَمَ إِلَيْهِ نَفَرٌ مِنْ جُهَيْنَةَ وَنَفَرٌ مِنْ بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْخَزْرَجِ وَكَانَتِ امْرَأَةٌ مِنْ جُهَيْنَةَ عِنْدَ رَجُلٍ مِنْ بَنِي الْحَارِثِ بْنِ الْخَزْرَجِ يُقَالُ لَهُ إِبْرَاهِيمُ بْنُ كُلَيْبٍ فَمَاتَتِ الْمَرْأَةُ وَتَرَكَتْ مَالاً وَمَوَالِيَ فَوَرِثَهَا ابْنُهَا وَزَوْجُهَا ثُمَّ مَاتَ ابْنُهَا فَقَالَ وَرَثَتُهُ لَنَا وَلاَءُ الْمَوَالِي قَدْ كَانَ ابْنُهَا أَحْرَزَهُ فَقَالَ الْجُهَنِيُّونَ لَيْسَ كَذَلِكَ إِنَّمَا هُمْ مَوَالِي صَاحِبَتِنَا فَإِذَا مَاتَ وَلَدُهَا فَلَنَا وَلاَؤُهُمْ وَنَحْنُ نَرِثُهُمْ فَقَضَى أَبَانُ بْنُ عُثْمَانَ لِلْجُهَنِيِّينَ بِوَلاَءِ الْمَوَالِي .
Traduction
Abdallah Ibn Abi Bakr Ibn Hazm a rapporté d'après son père, qu'étant assis chez Aban Ibn Osman, un groupe de Bani Jouhaina, et un autre de Bani Khazraj, lui soumirent leurs différents, à l'occasion de quoi, on lui apprit qu'une femme de Jouhaina qui était la femme de Al-Hareth Ibn Al-Khazraj appelé Ibrahim Ibn Koulaib, mourut, en laissant des biens et des affranchis. Ainsi, son fils et son mari l'héritent; puis son fils décéda, ses héritiers dirent: «c'est à nous, que revient le Walaa (1) des affranchis du moment que c'est le fils qui jouissait de ce droit». Les hommes des Jouhaina répondirent: «Non, il n'en est pas ainsi, car les héritiers ne sont que des affranchis de la mère, qui était des nôtres; or son fils étant mort, le Walaa est de notre droit, et nous devons les hériter». Ainsi Aban, accorda aux hommes de Jouhaina le Walaa». (1) Le Walaa se dit de tout droit de patronage, à la tenue de celui qui fait un affranchissement, en procédant à des moyens multiples tel le contrat, ou posthume, ou autre
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