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Muwatta Malik 1378
وَحَدَّثَنِي مَالِكٌ، أَنَّهُ بَلَغَهُ أَنَّ عَبْدَ اللَّهِ بْنَ مَسْعُودٍ، كَانَ يَقُولُ مَنْ أَسْلَفَ سَلَفًا فَلاَ يَشْتَرِطْ أَفْضَلَ مِنْهُ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ قَبْضَةً مِنْ عَلَفٍ فَهُوَ رِبًا . قَالَ مَالِكٌ الأَمْرُ الْمُجْتَمَعُ عَلَيْهِ عِنْدَنَا أَنَّ مَنِ اسْتَسْلَفَ شَيْئًا مِنَ الْحَيَوَانِ بِصِفَةٍ وَتَحْلِيَةٍ مَعْلُومَةٍ فَإِنَّهُ لاَ بَأْسَ بِذَلِكَ وَعَلَيْهِ أَنْ يَرُدَّ مِثْلَهُ إِلاَّ مَا كَانَ مِنَ الْوَلاَئِدِ فَإِنَّهُ يُخَافُ فِي ذَلِكَ الذَّرِيعَةُ إِلَى إِحْلاَلِ مَا لاَ يَحِلُّ فَلاَ يَصْلُحُ وَتَفْسِيرُ مَا كُرِهَ مِنْ ذَلِكَ أَنْ يَسْتَسْلِفَ الرَّجُلُ الْجَارِيَةَ فَيُصِيبُهَا مَا بَدَا لَهُ ثُمَّ يَرُدُّهَا إِلَى صَاحِبِهَا بِعَيْنِهَا فَذَلِكَ لاَ يَصْلُحُ وَلاَ يَحِلُّ وَلَمْ يَزَلْ أَهْلُ الْعِلْمِ يَنْهَوْنَ عَنْهُ وَلاَ يُرَخِّصُونَ فِيهِ لأَحَدٍ .
Traduction
On rapporta à Malek que Abdallah Ibn Mass'oud disait: «Celui qui fait un prêt, ne doit pas demander que le recouvrement soit beaucoup mieux, même si c'est une poignée de vivres, ça sera de l'usure». - Malek a dit: «Ce qui est incontestablement suivi chez nous (à Médine), au sujet de celui qui emprunte un animal bien déterminé pour une jouissance quelconque, que c'est toléré, à condition de rendre un animal similaire, sauf pour le cas des femmes esclaves, où il y aurait le risque de faire de ce qui n'est pas licite, ce qui en fait sera illicite, or ceci n'est pas permis. L'interprétation de cette répugnance s'explique comme suit: «A supposer qu'un homme emprunte une esclave, qu'il cohabite comme bon lui plaît, puis qu'il la rende à son possesseur, ce qui n'est ni toléré, ni licite. Et les hommes versés ne cessent de l'interdite sans jamais accorder à quelqu'un une permission, à ce sujet». Chapitre XLV Ce qui est interdit au sujet du marchandage et du fait de renchérir
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